Eleanor Read online

  14. Letter from John F. Kennedy to Eleanor Roosevelt, Jan. 10, 1959, and Eleanor Roosevelt’s reply, Jan. 20, 1959.

  15. Letter from John F. Kennedy to Eleanor Roosevelt, Jan. 22, 1959.

  16. E. Roosevelt, interview, “College News Conference,” op. cit.; letter from Mary Lasker to Eleanor Roosevelt, Jan. 11, 1960, and Eleanor Roosevelt’s comment written on the margin of Mrs. Lasker’s letter.

  17. E. Roosevelt, “If You Ask Me,” Nov., 1959.

  18. E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” Oct. 23, 1959.

  19. New York Times, New York Herald Tribune, and New York Post, Dec. 8, 1959.

  20. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston, 1965), p. 20.

  21. E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” Feb. 1, 1960, and April 17, 1960.

  22. Interview with A. David Gurewitsch; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Lord Elibank, April 1, 1960.

  23. Lash Diaries, April 12, 1960.

  24. Ibid., April 24, 1960; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Walter Reuther, April 25, 1960.

  25. Letters from Eleanor Roosevelt to Walter Reuther and G. Mennen Williams, April 25, 1960.

  26. Lash Diaries, May 31, 1960.

  27. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mary Lasker, June 1, 1960.

  28. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Joseph P. Lash, June 7, 1960.

  29. Letter from Adlai Stevenson to Eleanor Roosevelt, June 10, 1960.

  30. Eleanor Roosevelt called on Stevenson to clarify his position on June 11, 1960, and Stevenson replied on June 12, 1960; E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” June 13, 1960.

  31. New York Times, June 13, 1960.

  32. Letter from Adlai Stevenson to Eleanor Roosevelt, June 13, 1960.

  33. Arthur Krock, column in the New York Times, June 14, 1960; Stevenson comment to Eleanor Roosevelt, June 15, 1960.

  34. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Joseph P. Lash, June 15, 1960.

  35. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Edmund Brown, June 10, 1960; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Michael DiSalle, June 21, 1960.

  36. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Agnes Meyer, June 21, 1960.

  37. Letters from Eleanor Roosevelt to Trude W. and Joseph P. Lash, June 19, 1960.

  38. Ibid., July 15, 1960.

  39. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Gus Ranis, July 9, 1960.

  40. N. R. Howard, in the Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 13, 1960.

  41. Lash Diaries, July 17, 1960.

  42. Norman Mailer, The Presidential Papers (New York, 1963), p. 36; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to LeRoy Collins, July 29, 1960.

  43. Letter from Nannine Joseph to Cass Canfield, July 19, 1960; David E. Lilienthal, The Harvest Years, 1959–63, vol. V of The Journals of David E. Lilienthal, 5 vols. (New York, 1971), p. 103; Lash Diaries, July 17, 1960.

  44. Lash Diaries, July 17, 1960.

  45. Letters from Adlai Stevenson to Eleanor Roosevelt, Aug. 7, 1960.

  46. Interviews with with Mrs. Herbert Lehman, A. David Gurewitsch, and Maureen Corr.

  47. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Adlai Stevenson, Aug. 11, 1960.

  48. William Walton, in As We Remember Him, ed. John K. Jessup and others (New York, 1965), p. 88.

  49. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Stevenson’s friends, Aug. 15, 1960.

  50. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to John F. Kennedy, Aug. 15, 1960; letter from John F. Kennedy to Eleanor Roosevelt, Aug. 26, 1960.

  51. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to John F. Kennedy, Aug. 27, 1960.

  52. Ibid., Oct. 24, 1960.

  53. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Peter Kamitchis, Oct. 21, 1960.

  54. E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” Jan. 2, 1961.

  15. TO THE END, COURAGE

  1. Miss Perkins’s attitude was described to me by Prof. Maurice Neufeld of Cornell University, who arranged for Miss Perkins to come to Cornell. David Gurewitsch told me the Morgenthau story.

  2. Gallup Opinion Index, Report No. 19; Eleanor Roosevelt, financial papers, 1961.

  3. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Mr. Horne, Feb. 19, 1960.

  4. Emma Bugbee, in the New York Herald Tribune, Oct. 11, 1961; New York Post, Oct. 11, 1961.

  5. New York Times, Oct. 6, 1959; interview with Maureen Corr.

  6. Emma Bugbee, “My Most Unforgettable Character,” Reader’s Digest, Oct., 1963; Thomas L. Stix, “Mrs. Roosevelt Does a TV Commercial,” Harper’s, Nov., 1963.

  7. E. Roosevelt, You Learn by Living, cited (Ch. 11); interview with Nannine Joseph.

  8. Letter from Anna Roosevelt Halsted to A. David Gurewitsch, April 7, 1960; New York Post, Dec. 7, 1961.

  9. Interview with the late Mrs. Gerald Morgan.

  10. Interview with the Reverend Elliott Lindsley.

  11. Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Vervaet told me this story.

  12. Interview with Maureen Corr.

  13. Ibid., Adlai Stevenson, eulogy, delivered Nov. 17, 1962.

  14. Lash Diaries, July 4, 1962.

  15. Recollection of the author; E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” cited (Ch. 1), Aug. 10, 1960.

  16. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Franklin Roosevelt III, Jan. 15, 1962.

  17. Interview with Anna Roosevelt Halsted.

  18. Lilienthal, The Road to Change, 1955–59, cited (Ch. 12), p. 299.

  19. New York Times, March 11, 1961.

  20. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Adlai Stevenson, April 19, 1961; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to John F. Kennedy, April 10, 1961.

  21. “List of Women Eligible for Appointment,” Eleanor Roosevelt files, in Franklin D. Roosevelt Library; her changed attitude toward the Equal Rights Amendment reported in the New York Times, May 8, 1961; message from the Commission on the Status of Women to Eleanor Roosevelt, Oct. 29, 1962.

  22. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to John F. Kennedy, Feb. 19, 1961.

  23. Letters from Eleanor Roosevelt to John F. Kennedy, March 14, 1961, and April 21, 1961, and Kennedy’s reply, April 28, 1961.

  24. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to John F. Kennedy, July 22, 1961, and Kennedy’s reply, July 28, 1961.

  25. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to John F. Kennedy, Nov. 2, 1961, and Kennedy’s reply, Nov. 21, 1961.

  26. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to John F. Kennedy, Aug. 15, 1962.

  27. Letter from Robert F. Kennedy to Eleanor Roosevelt, Dec. 19, 1961.

  28. Letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Jacqueline Kennedy, Dec. 1, 1960.

  29. E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” May 29, 1962.

  30. New York Post, April 7, 1959.

  31. Interview with Anna Roosevelt Halsted.

  32. Lash Diaries, March 16, 1960.

  33. Ruth G. Michaels, in Hadassah, Dec., 1962; interviews with Maureen Corr and A. David Gurewitsch.

  34. New York Times, May 25, 1962; Lash Diaries, June 8, 1962; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to Thomas L. Stix, May 10, 1962.

  35. Interview with Anna Roosevelt Halsted; letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to A. David Gurewitsch, undated; Elinore Denniston, “A Recollection,” in Eleanor Roosevelt, Tomorrow Is Now (New York, 1963), p. x.

  36. E. Roosevelt, “My Day,” Aug. 14, 1962.

  37. Lash Diaries, Aug. 6, 1962.

  38. Interview with Maureen Corr.

  39. Letter from Trude W. Lash to Paul Tillich, Nov. 18, 1962.

  40. Lash Diaries, Sept. 7, 1962.

  41. Ibid.; E. Roosevelt, Tomorrow Is Now, op. cit., p. 138.

  42. Lash Diaries, Sept. 20, 1962.

  43. Letter from Trude W. Lash to Paul Tillich, Nov. 18, 1962.

  44. Letter from Adlai Stevenson to Eleanor Roosevelt, Sept. 30, 1962.

  45. Letter from A. David Gurewitsch to Joseph P. Lash, Dec. 15, 1962; letter from James Halsted to James Roosevelt, March 25, 1966.

  46. Lash Diaries, Oct. 30, 1962; letter from Anna Roosevelt Halsted to David Gray, Nov. 1, 1962.

  47. Edward P. Morgan, ed., This I Believe (New York, 1953), pp. 155–56.

  APPENDIX A. ELEANOR ROOSEVELT AND THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE

  1. Letter fro
m Adlai Stevenson to Gunnar Jahn (Chairman of the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament), Feb. 21, 1961.

  2. Letter from Adlai Stevenson to Gunnar Jahn, Jan. 15, 1962; letter from John F. Kennedy to August Schou, Jan. 23, 1962.

  3. Letter from Ralph Bunche to Gunnar Jahn, Nov. 22, 1962.

  4. Letter from Lester Pearson to Gunnar Jahn, Aug. 13, 1964; letter from Andrew W. Cordier to Gunnar Jahn, Sept. 2, 1964.

  5. Letter from Sivert A. Nielsen to August Schou, Sept. 5, 1964, and Schou’s reply, Sept. 8, 1964; letter from Sivert A. Nielsen to Nils Langhelle, Sept. 21, 1964, and Langhelle’s reply, Oct. 28, 1964.

  6. Letter from the Organizing Committee to Gunnar Jahn, Jan. 10, 1965.

  7. Letter from Harry S. Truman to Gunnar Jahn, Nov. 20, 1964.

  8. Letter from Clement Attlee to the Nobel Committee, Oct. 29, 1964.

  9. Letter from Jean Monnet to August Schou, undated.

  10. Letter from Henry A. Kissinger to the Nobel Committee, Dec. 9, 1964.

  11. Letter from Esther Lape to A. David Gurewitsch, Dec. 30, 1964.

  APPENDIX B. MRS. ROOSEVELT AND THE SULTAN OF MOROCCO

  1. Letter from Justine Wise Polier to Joseph P. Lash, Feb. 29, 1972.

  Index

  Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.

  Acheson, Dean, 155, 157, 181, 190, 192, 194, 195, 200–2

  food aid to Yugoslavia question, 85–86

  on Truman Doctrine, 83–85

  Adenauer, Konrad, 285

  Albert Hall, 32

  Alexander, Archibald, 266

  Alexander, Sir Harold, 32

  Aligarh University, 197

  Ali Khan, (Begum) Liaquat, 228

  Allison, John M., 228

  Alsop, Joseph, 73, 79, 298

  Alsop, Stewart, 73, 79

  America, 155

  American Association for the United Nations (AAUN), 120, 164, 233, 236, 257, 268, 322, 336

  barnstorming the nation for, 220

  commercializes on her seventieth birthday, 239

  Eleanor becomes educational volunteer in, 220

  American Broadcasting Company (ABC), 178

  American Committee for Yugoslav Relief, 86

  American Friends Service Committee, 326

  American Legion, Americanism Commission of, 237

  Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), 81, 164, 234, 235, 289

  Eleanor agrees to serve as honorary chairman, 236–37

  founding meeting, Eleanor’s support of, 79–81

  and 1956 Democratic civil rights plank, 254

  Roosevelt Day Dinner, 290

  American Youth Congress, 151

  Anderson, Clinton P., 135–36

  Anderson, Eugenie, 261

  Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, 104, 105, 107

  Aquinas, Thomas, 46

  Arabs, see Palestine question

  Arriba, 155

  Arvey, Jake, 139

  As He Saw It, 78

  Asia, 148, 192–93

  Astor, Lady, 25

  Attlee, Clement, 103–4, 105, 108, 343, 343n

  Atwood, William, 271

  Auerbach, Beatrice Fox, 331

  Austin, Warren R., 51, 78, 115, 127, 192, 194

  Australia, 30, 102

  Baker, Noel, 25, 32

  Baldwin, Calvin B., 82

  Baldwin, Roger, 237, 318, 331

  Balfour Declaration, 121

  Barden Bill, 162

  Barkley, Alben, 20

  Baruch, Bernard, 95, 128, 140, 146–47, 243–44, 306, 318

  and Eleanor’s resignation from UN, 214, 216

  international atomic energy control plan, controversy over, 77

  and Stevenson candidacy (1952), 209–11

  and Stevenson candidacy (1956), 266

  Baumgartner, Leona, 324

  Bay of Pigs, 324

  Beal, Frank, 166

  Beard, James, 183

  Beaser, Herbert, 209

  Belafonte, Harry, 319

  Benét, Stephen Vincent, 184

  Ben-Gurion, David, 329, 343n

  Benjamin, Robert, 297, 305, 336

  Benton, William, 246, 262, 283, 297, 301, 319

  Berlin, 63, 188

  Berlin Wall, 326

  Bernadotte, Count Folke, 127–28

  Bernstein, Leonard, 319

  Bethune, Mary McLeod, 235

  Bevin, Ernest, 25, 33, 88, 107, 108, 110

  Bidault, Georges, 33

  Bilbo, Theodore G., 20, 104

  Billboard, 182

  Bingham, Barry, 243

  Blanshard, Paul, 152

  Bloom, Sol, 23, 30, 34, 173

  Boettiger, John, 178

  Boettiger, John Roosevelt (grandson), 322

  Bogomolov, Alexander E., 54

  compliments Eleanor at Geneva, 57

  Bohlen, Charles E. (Chip), 90, 91–92, 95, 122–23, 141, 142

  Bokhari, Mr., 193

  Bolling, Richard, 249, 292

  Borisov, Alexander, 42–43

  Bourne, Dorothy, 199, 315

  Bowers, Claude G., 203

  Bowles, Chester, 17n, 143, 196, 197, 200, 202, 204, 282–83, 305, 306, 319

  Bowles, Dorothy Stebbins, 200

  Bowman, Isaiah, 101–2

  Brandeis University, 164, 310

  Bricker, John W., 219

  Bricker amendment, 206, 219, 220, 221

  Bromfield, Louis, 98

  Browder, Earl, 14

  Brown, Harrison, 19

  Brown, Richard, 315

  Bryan, Julien, 237

  Buckley, William F., 279, 322

  Bugbee, Emma, 237

  Bunche, Ralph J., 24, 129, 130, 237, 239, 251, 341

  Burma, 201

  Burns, James M., 249

  Butler, Paul, 248, 254, 255, 265, 270, 283, 293–98

  Bye, George, 43, 150, 185, 311

  Byelorussians, 31

  Byrne, Doris, 14

  Byrnes, James, 14, 19, 23, 24, 27, 29, 33, 34, 35, 36, 41, 90, 92, 114n

  Caffery, Jefferson, 195

  “Calf Path, The,” 183

  Campaigns, see Democrats/Democratic party

  Campobello, 184, 333

  and Franklin D. Roosevelt memorial plans, 327

  Canada, 30, 327

  Canfield, Cass, 185, 200, 311

  Carey, James, 235, 335

  Carlin, George, 16

  Carman, Harry J., 222–23, 225, 227

  Cassin, René, 42, 50–51, 63, 65, 67n, 343n, 344

  Cecil, Robert Viscount, 32

  Celler, Emanuel, 335

  Chandor, Douglas, 171

  Chang, Peng-Chun, 46, 48–49

  Chiang Kai-shek, Mme., 201, 309

  Chicago Tribune, 92

  Chichibu, Princess (Setsuko Matsudaira), 227

  Chile, 203

  China, 22

  see also Formosa; Red China

  Christie, Lansdell, 319, 331

  Churchill, Winston, 5, 26, 31, 78, 85, 181

  Eleanor on at war’s end, 11–12

  “Iron Curtain” speech, she fears influence on Truman, 71

  Jewish refugee question and, 103

  visits Hyde Park, 71

  CIO-PAC, 15

  Citizens Committee for Children, 17, 165, 314

  Civil rights, American, 207, 290, 327–28

  and drafting of Human Rights Declaration and Covenant, 50–51, 53–55, 58–59

  and 1956 presidential campaign, 247–55, 258, 262, 269

  Clark, Joseph, 283

  Clay, Lucius, 93

  Clemens, Cyril, 160, 205

  Clifford, Clark, 144, 145

  Cochrane, Louise Morley, 26, 330

  Cohen, Benjamin V., 38, 96, 121, 123n, 128, 152, 326

  Cohen, Felix S., 102

  Cohen, Morris Raphael, 102

  Cold war, Eleanor and, 16, 63, 201, 203, 335

  ADA v. PCA question, 80–82
/>   advice to Kennedy on Berlin Wall and nuclear test banning, 326–27

  alienated by Soviet Union, 96–97

  atomic energy control question, Baruch Plan and, 77

  Berlin blockade, her presence in Paris reassuring, 188

  breakup of Allied unity, her view of Soviet role in, 73, 76–78

  Communism not military threat, 149

  confrontation with Communists (1948), 63–65

  criticizes Wallace for anti-American speeches in Europe, 82–83

  Czech Communist coup, her fear of Third World War, 94

  European reconstruction question, Marshall Plan, 86–96 passim

  fear of growing U.S. military influence, 75–76

  first Soviet sputnik, 276

  her hopes for communication with Soviets, 276, 278

  her views on Soviet Union, 69–71

  Khrushchev “honest” when saying war unthinkable, 276

  McCarthyism, views on and encounters with, 233–37, 242, 285

  military preparedness not enough to meet Soviet challenges, 283

  misgivings about U.S. “get tough” policy, 74–75

  planned visits to Russia, 74, 93

  senses growing rift between Russia and Red China, China should be recognized, 284

  Stevenson man to deal with Soviets (1952 campaign), 213

  supports non-Communist progressive programs, 79–82

  suspicious of Churchill’s policies, 71–72

  Third World pro-Soviet leanings, 192–93

  trip to Northern Europe, fear of U.S. and Russia in, 188–91

  trip to Russia and, thoughts on Communism and Third World, 273–74

  Truman Doctrine question, 82–86

  UN support necessary to ease, 71–72

  visit to Yugoslavia, their view of Communism, 231–33

  Yugoslav relief question, 85–86

  see also Communists/Communism; Soviet Union

  Columbia Bicentennial Conference, 243

  Commager, Henry S., 294, 295

  Commission on the Status of Women, 324

  Commission to Study the Organization of Peace, 18

  Committee for Democratic Voters, 331

  Communist “Peace” Congresses, 189

  Communists/Communism, 14–15, 76–77, 148–49

  see also Cold war; Soviet Union

  Confucius, 46

  Connally, Tom, 23, 24, 25, 34

  Consumers League, 321

  Cook, Nancy, 169–70, 320

  Cordier, Andrew W., 342

  Corr, Maureen, 171–72, 195, 223, 229, 231, 233, 273, 287, 310–11, 318–19, 320, 330, 331, 333, 337, 338

  Cousins, Norman, 326

  Craig, May, 104, 142, 155

  Cuba, 306, 325, 338